Voice and video calling is the thing to check
Several countries in the region restrict or block voice and video calling over the internet on local networks. Messaging usually works. The call button sometimes does not.
This catches out travellers who assume a data plan means they can call home the way they do everywhere else. Check the current position for the specific country before you rely on it, because the rules change and they differ between operators.
The Gulf is a different market from the rest of the region
Dubai and the wider Emirates generate the largest visitor demand in the region by a wide margin, and that demand is overwhelmingly expressed in English rather than Arabic, even locally. Saudi Arabia follows the same pattern.
Coverage across the Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait is genuinely excellent, including in the desert areas visitors are taken to. This is not a region where you should expect to be offline.
Beyond the Gulf
Jordan, Israel, Oman and Turkey on its eastern side all have solid networks in the places travellers go. Coverage thins in the deserts and in the mountain areas, as it does everywhere.
Turkey has its own page and its own rule about handset registration, which is the single most important connectivity fact in the region and has nothing to do with coverage.
How to decide
For a single Gulf city, a country plan is straightforward and the network will not let you down.
For a multi country trip, a regional plan saves the repeated purchases. In both cases, check the calling restrictions before you assume your usual apps will work.
Where are you going?
DestinationsCommon questions
Can I make WhatsApp or FaceTime calls?
It depends on the country and the network. Several countries in the region restrict internet calling while leaving messaging alone. Check the current position for your destination.
Is coverage good in the desert?
In the Gulf, surprisingly good, including on the routes tour operators use. Elsewhere in the region it thins as you would expect.
Do I need Arabic to buy or set anything up?
No. Visitor facing connectivity in the Gulf is conducted in English, which is also how the demand is expressed in search.
Does Turkey count as Middle East for a regional plan?
Plans vary on this. Turkey also has a handset registration rule that makes it worth reading its own page whichever plan you choose.